Thursday, February 1, 2018

Listings and News Update Spring 2018

Haringey Local History Fair 2018
Saturday 17th Feb. 11a.m.- 4 p.m. Bruce Castle  Museum N17.
 Includes RaHN stall. 

Discover more about Haringey’s history and community heritage at our annual Haringey Local History Fair at Bruce Castle Museum and Haringey Archive. You can visit the Archive Search Room and talk to Archive Staff, enjoy our all-day talks programme or browse stalls from local organisations showcasing our area's heritage and culture -  a chance to network and get involved. All welcome.

The Old Kitchen will also have a cafĂ© for teas, coffee and cake all day.  
For more details of the all-day Talks Programme - see the Bruce Castle Museum pages. Includes:

12.25 p.m. "Places in Tottenham" - Adjoa Wiredu (Photo-journalist of the Marigold Road blog (external link) and local resident), shares her inspiration for her current photographic-journal exhibition at Bruce Castle showing everyday life and views of Tottenham. 

3.35pm – “Hands-on History along the High Road”– a round-up of a year working and volunteering in heritage, by the North Tottenham Heritage project (external link).

4.05pm – “A Voice for Women: 1918 and Getting the Vote for (some) Women” Deborah Hedgecock (Curator, Bruce Castle Museum) draws on the stories so far uncovered by different researchers in Haringey of women’s suffrage and campaigning for votes for women from around the area.

(Please note: talks are sometimes subject to change.) 
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Message from IWCE Network:
Because of the London NHS Demo on Saturday 3rd Feb.
we've had to POSTPONE the joint day school with We Own it  [previously listed].
It will now be on 19th May. More soon. Apologies. Keith Venables for IWCE
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Message from "News from Nowhere":
The speaker on Orwell for 10th Feb [meeting previously listed*] is ill. I'm trying to find another speaker on Orwell. If I can't (short notice), we will go ahead anyway and have an Orwell evening run by ourselves. So do bring all the books and anything else by or about Orwell. We always have a good meeting when a speaker has to cancel. You might remember the lovely evening on Tony Benn run by us.
So do consider coming. You can phone me on Saturday on 0208 555 5248 to find if another speaker has been booked. 
But really hope you will come - in the grand autodidact tradition. 
PROGRAMME  2018
At the Epicentre, West Street, Leytonstone E11 4LJ    
Doors open at 7.30pm Buffet (please bring veggie item if you can)
8.00pm Talk & discussion till 10pm & back to buffet till 10.30pm.
*Saturday 10th February 2018
George Orwell, the Labour Party and the Left   Speaker: Professor John Newsinger
George Orwell was a lifelong socialist. As far as he was concerned, socialism was involved in the achievement of a democratic classless society, a society in which the rich had been altogether dispossessed. His experiences in Spain in the 1930s convinced him that this would require a revolution and he held to this belief through the Second World War, even hoping that the Attlee government might go down a revolutionary road. This talk examines the trajectory of his political thinking and his changing attitudes towards the Labour Party. John Newsinger is Professor of Modern History at Bath Spa University and the author of several books, including the graphic novel, 1917: The Red Year. He is co-editor of the journal George Orwell Studies and has a new book on Orwell, ‘Hope Lies in the Proles’: Orwell and the Left, coming out in March 2018.

NEWS FROM NOWHERE CLUB
Saturday 17th March 2018 
Wounded Leaders: Why British Politics Is So Flawed 
 Speaker: Nick Duffell
 "In the 19th century, the British industrialised boarding schools for the mass production of officers & administrators for their growing Empire by engineering privileged abandonment & normalised neglect – a context in which abuse readily flourishes. The resulting entitlement attitude still operates today & can be seen in our Brexit stuckness. Psychologically it is a compensation for terrible, unrecoverable loss that has been taken for granted in the UK, rather like gun use is in the US. Psychotherapist, psychohistorian & author Nick Duffell will speak about his 30 year research into this problem."

 At the Epicentre, West Street E11 4LJ

7.30pm Buffet (please bring something veggie if you can); 8.00pm Talk
Free entry, all welcome, just turn up. Enquiries 0208 555 5248
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Documentary: From Classroom to Class Struggle

First UK screening of 
'From Classroom to Class Struggle' (De la sala de clases a la lucha de clases)
Renato Dennis, Chile, 2016, 99 minutes

The year 2011 saw an unprecedented wave of student protests throughout Chile, with occupations of more than 90% of public educational institutions and numerous private ones too, and with marches in every city of the country. This film is a record of the events and the reasons behind the movement.

The screening will be followed by a Q&A with the director.

Saturday 24 February, 2pm-5pm
SOAS University of London
Bloomsbury, London WC1H 0XG

Room: DLT Lecture Theatre

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WCML
Working Class Movement Library
51 The Crescent,
SalfordM5 4WX
Thomas Paine display, and Tolpuddle Martyrs exhibition
The Library has a Thomas Paine collection of national repute.  It was assembled by Adrian and Christopher Brunel over a period of some fifty years, and consists of books, pamphlets, prints, tokens and ephemera. The books are not only by and about Paine but also reflect the contemporary scene of the 1790s in America, France and Britain.  Paine played a significant part in the affairs of each of these countries and influenced events there. The collection reflects the polemics and controversies of the time.
A small selection from that vast collection will be on display in the Library hall until this Saturday, 3 February, having been put together for last weekend's Paine event.  Come and have a browse.
You can also spend time viewing the travelling exhibition we are currently hosting from the Marx Memorial Library,The Tolpuddle Martyrs in print.  As well as detailing the history and impact of the Tolpuddle Martyrs, this also features contemporary newspaper reporting, some of it not seen in public for almost 200 years.
Items from the Library collection are presented alongside the exhibition.
The exhibition is open until 15 February, Wed-Fri 1-5pm, and Saturday 3 February 10am-4pm.

LGBT History Month

Our contribution to LGBT History Month event this year is on Saturday, 17 February at 2pm, when we will be offering the chance to learn more about both historical and current issues.
 The Minorities Research Group was the UK's first lesbian social and political organisation, and Esme Ross Langley began publishing their magazine Arena 3 in 1964.  By the end of 1964 Arena 3 had a circulation of 400, and the magazine ran until 1972.  A talk by writer and researcher Jane Traies, ‘How Arena 3 saved my life’, will explore its impact through the oral testimonies of older lesbians whose lives were changed by this new contact with other women like themselves. 
 In addition, Magadaline Moyo and Betty Nakibuuka from the Manchester Lesbian Immigration Support Group will talk on their current work with women from around the world who are seeking sanctuary in our area.
Spring series of Invisible Histories talks at the LibraryOur new series of free Invisible Histories talks begins on Wednesday 14 March at 2pm with a talk by Paula Moorhouse comparing and contrasting the lives of Helen Macfarlane, who made the first translations from the original German of the Communist Manifesto and the writings of Hegel, and Helen Crawfurd, suffragist, peace campaigner, communist and organiser in the East End of Glasgow.

28 March Clare Debenham  Marie Stopes: reluctant Mancunian, sexual revolutionary, birth control pioneer.
11 April Michelle Green and Frank Salt Protest: stories of resistance
25 April Geoffrey Tweedale Cover up and collusion: understanding the tragic history of asbestos.


Go to www.wcml.org.uk/events for the full list of forthcoming Invisible HIstories talks.
Admission free; light refreshments available; all welcome.

A Sylvia Pankhurst play for International Women's Day

UPDATE: Our hosting of Lynx Theatre's play Sylvia to mark International Women's Day is now fully booked.  Apologies if you have missed out; our annexe can only hold 50 people

NB that until Sunday 29 April Manchester Art Gallery is showing a selection of paintings and pastels by Sylvia Pankhurst, who trained at Manchester School of Art and won the prize for best female student in 1901.  She travelled round England and Scotland in 1907, recording the lives of women she met in the pottery, shoe-making, fishing and spinning industries, among others. 

We mark International Women's Day, and the centenary of (some) women getting the vote, with a play by Lynx Theatre about Sylvia Pankhurst, who has been called “the greatest Englishwoman of the twentieth century”.  She trained as an artist, but when her mother and sister founded the Women’s Social and Political Union she gave up her art to rouse the women of the East End.  Her story is told against a background of 250 slides of her paintings, archive photographs, and locations in England and Europe.
The play, entitled simply Sylvia, will be followed by an audience discussion led by Jacqueline Mulhallen, the author and actress.
This is a ‘pay what you decide’ event, so we will be taking payment on the day.  However you WILL NEED TO BOOK A PLACE IN ADVANCE - please emailtrustees@wcml.org.uk to book.[NOW FULLY BOOKED - SEE ABOVE]
This event is part of Manchester’s radical feminist festival Wonder Women 2018 which is offering a packed programme of exhibitions, tours, debates, performances and one-off screenings throughout March - more at creativetourist.com/wonderwomen INCLUDING

Celebrating the work of the Manchester and Salford Women's Trade Union Council 1895-1919 

An event at the Library on Saturday 10 March from 2pm to 5pm will celebrate the deposit at the Library of the original handwritten minutes of the Manchester and Salford Women's Trade Union Council (MSWTUC) by the Mary Quaile Club, which came across them during research into the life of Mary Quaile, an organiser for the Council 1911-1919. The minutes reveal the very hard work done by Mary and other organisers to encourage and support women to set up or join trade unions, and the issues that arose, particularly pay and working conditions. They also reveal the sharp divisions that arose on the Council over the issue of Votes for Women, culminating in a split in the autumn of 1904 and the establishment of a rival Women’s Trades Council for  Manchester women a few weeks later.
The speakers will be Maggie Cohen, chair of WCML Trustees, Bernadette Hyland from the Mary Quaile Club, and Lauren McCourt (Bakers, Food and Allied Workers Union).  Actor Joan McGee will perform a short extract from a play about Mary Quaile written by Jane McNulty.
This event is free and has been organised jointly by the Mary Quaile Club and the Library.  
Advance booking is advised – please email trustees@wcml.org.uk. 
UPDATE: How it went... You can read a short post about  the event on the MQC blog 

Also from MQC:
Meeting 'Celebrating International Women's Day',
Manchester TUC Pensioners meeting,
2pm, Tuesday 6 March 2018,
Methodist Central Hall
Guest Speaker: Selma James

AND on Saturday 19th May, 6pm, at Three Minute Theatre on Oldham Street there will be an event featuring Workers' Playtime, a book published by the General Federation of Trade Unions, which comprises  a number of plays about trade unionism, written at various points over the last 40 years.
The  guest speaker will be Doug Nichols, General Secretary, GFTU. There will also be readings of some of the plays  from the collection. The event will be free.

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The Acting Class - documentary screening

On Wednesday 7 March at 6.30pm we will be screening a showing of the new film The Acting Class.
This is not a film about acting; it’s about the lack of working class representation on our stages and our screens.  Struggling actors outline the difficulties they face when they don’t have the resources to get into the industry, and actors including Chris Eccleston, Julie Hesmondhalgh and Maxine Peake talk about why this situation should concern everyone.
This Inside FiIms documentary won the National Feature category prize at the 2017 Labour Film Festival.
Tickets price £5 on the door.

"Any help possible will be given": the work of the Manchester and Salford Women's Trade Union Council 1895-1919

An event at the Library on Saturday 10 March from 2pm to 5pm will celebrate the deposit at the Library of the original handwritten minutes of the Manchester and Salford Women's Trade Union Council (MSWTUC) by the Mary Quaile Club, which came across them during research into the life of Mary Quaile, an organiser for the Council 1911-1919. They are an invaluable record of the work done by Mary and others to organise low-paid women into trade unions in Manchester.
The speakers will include Maggie Cohen, chair of the WCML Trustees, and Bernadette Hyland from the Mary Quaile Club, who has transcribed the entire set of minutes (130,000 words) for a Web site on the MSWTUC: http://www.mswtuc.co.uk.
This event is free and has been organised jointly by the Mary Quaile Club and the Library.
UPDATE (27-2-18) There are still some places left which  can be reserved by emailing: Trustees@wcml.org.uk

Ada Nield Chew - 'pop-up protest'

6 February 2018 is the centenary of the legal assent of the Representation of the People Act, which gave some women the vote for the first time, thanks to activists like Ada Nield Chew.  Ada was a radical suffragist, women’s trades unionist and an author. Her long career in activism began in 1894 with a series of protest letters to the Crewe Chroniclecomplaining about the unfair conditions in the factory, where she was employed as a tailor.
A free 'pop-up protest' takes place at Manchester Metropolitan University on Tuesday 6 February, 10.30am-11.30am.  It is an original adaptation of Ada Nield Chew’s 'Crewe factory girl' letters.
The event is at Geoffrey Manton Building, Rosamond Street West, Manchester M15 6EB. For more information and to book places, click here.

150 years of union women

On Friday 9 March from 5pm to 8pm TUC North West are putting on a Manchester International Women’s Day event, as the start of celebration marking that the fact that 150 years ago the TUC was formed at the Mechanics Institute in Manchester.
The invitation states: 'Please come and join us for food, drink and stories to inspire. You will hear about our fantastic history, hear from those involved in some of our present day struggles, and hear from some of the women shaping the future of our movement both nationally and internationally'.
The event takes place at Thompsons Solicitors, 55 King Street, Manchester M2 4LQ
It is free but you should register in advance here

Public meeting marking the 150th anniversary of the birth of the TUC150 years ago this month the Manchester and Salford Trades Councils convened a conference on the challenges they faced and the need for workers to organise to defend themselves. That conference was the birth of the TUC. The delegates declared that unions were 'an absolute necessity'. An event of that title, hosted by the Manchester Trades Council, will be held at the Mechanics Centre, 103 Princess Street, Manchester M1 6DD on Monday 26 February at 7pm, with speakers from the TUC Organising Young Workers Project, Unison's Care Workers for Change and others.  
Admission free, all welcome.

Radical Readings 3 - Suffer the Little Children
The Working Class Movement Library is proud to present another in its series of Radical Readings fundraising events, this time introducing some of our younger supporters and readers as well as a couple of stalwarts. This year's show takes place on Sunday 25 March at 2pm at Peel Hall, University of Salford, and consists of accounts, stories and poems by and about the children who worked in our mines and factories in the 19th century.
These will be brought to life by Andrew Ellis (This is England), Nico Mirallegro (Rillington Place, Common, The Village), Elle Pemberton and Molly Windsor (Three Girls) together with ever-present favourite Mike Joyce and possibly, if her filming schedule allows, aided and abetted by the Christmas voice of Radio 4 herself. 
Devised and introduced by Royston Futter, Working Class Movement Library trustee.
Tickets price £12 are available - click here.  All proceeds will go to support the Working Class Movement Library. 
We are most grateful to the University of Salford for hosting this event. 

Chartism drop-in day On Saturday 7 April from 12 noon till 3pm we will be hosting a drop-in day on the theme of Chartism, with a focus on honorary Mancunian Ernest Jones.
 As part of our
Voting for Change project with the People’s History Museum, you can come and see some of the exciting newly acquired objects that help both organisations better tell the history of the fight for the vote.  The focus will be Chartism and its demands for political reform - and one of the movement’s later leaders, the lawyer and poet Ernest Jones.
Drop in, no need to book.
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Bishopsgate Institute
230 Bishopsgate 
London EC2M 4QH

EVENT: Out in the Archives LGBTQ History
Wed 28 February
19.00 | FREE

Hear from LGBTQ activists, and explore the queer histories that can be found in the Bishopsgate Institute Archives at this special event.

TALK: From Gentlemen Traders to Feminist Squatters

Wed 21 March   |   19.00 |   from £7
Housing and urban change around London Fields
The houses lining the streets on the southwest side of London Fields, first constructed in the 1820s, were initially inhabited by wealthy traders and gentlemen but after rapid rates of redevelopment these same streets were in disrepair a century later. 
In this talk, Christine Wall, University of Westminster, explores the origins and historical importance of a group of women who moved in and squatted these houses and, using oral history testimony, recounts their experience of building a community.
Click here for a map and details about how to get to Bishopsgate Institute.
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Tuesday, 30 January 2018 [copied from LSHG]

No Platform Book Project - appeal for sources

From Evan Smith over at Hatful of History -  I am very excited that my book project on the history of the NUS policy of no platform in the UK is moving forward. At the moment, I am on the lookout for further primary sources from no platform campaigns from the 1970s to the present (particularly from the 1980s and 1990s). So if anyone has any material relating to specific campaigns, please send an email to hatfulofhistory@gmail.com I am especially interested in any material relating to campaigns to prevent Enoch Powell and representatives of the apartheid regime in South Africa from speaking on university campuses in the mid-to-late 1980s.

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The University of Aberdeen will host an 
International Women's Day Conference 
with the theme "Press for Progress".
08 March 2018, 08:45 - 13:05
"International Women's Day has been celebrated across the world since the early 1900s. Originally, its aim was to provide a forum for women to campaign for equality and women’s rights. Over time, it has evolved and now in March each year, thousands of events are held throughout the world to recognise the progress that has been made, and to inspire us to celebrate their achievements.
"Join us for a half day conference to celebrate Women's Press for Progress. You can view the full programme for the conference HERE
Admission is £20 or £10 Concession. Booking is Essential. For more information click HERE 
Hosted by
The University of Aberdeen
Venue
King's Conference Centre
Contact

Please email events@abdn.ac.uk if you have any questions."
========================
 The latest issue of the London Socialist Historians Group Newsletter #63 is now online, with a comment piece by Keith Flett on the royal wedding, and a book review of Origins of Collective Decision Making by Andy Blunden which discusses the Chartists' view of democracy.  Other pieces include an obituary of William Pelz, and book reviews by Ian Birchall and Merilyn Moos.  With respect to the LSHG Newsletter, letters, articles, criticisms and contributions to debate are most welcome - please contact Keith Flett on the address above for more info, and on how to be a member of the LSHG. The deadline for the next issue of the Newsletter is 12 March 2018. The LSHG Spring seminar programme is:
LSHG SEMINARS Spring 2018
All seminars take place in Room 304 (third floor) at 5.30pm in the Institute of Historical Research, Senate House, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HU and entry is free without ticket although donations are welcome.

Monday 22 January Steve Cushion ‘By Our Own Hands’: A People’s History of the Grenadian Revolution
 Monday 5 February Kevin Morgan Communism and the Cult of the Individual: Leaders, Tribunes and Martyrs under Lenin and Stalin
Monday 19 February  Marika Sherwood  ‘They were not Communists they were Independistas!’ The Beginning of the Cold War in Ghana and Nigeria in 1948

Monday 5 March
Keith Flett 1848 Revisited - 
UPDATE:
LSHG seminar on 1848 cancelled in solidarity with UCU strike

The next LSHG seminar was due to take place on Monday 5 March and  discuss the anniversary of the revolutionary year of 1848 - this has  now been cancelled out of solidarity with the UCU strike taking place  that day and will be rescheduled for later in the year - more details on LSHG blog.

See the following post there for related event/information:

History Acts on Strike: How to Win?

Can history help us win this dispute? Can we link our struggle over pensions to the struggles against casualisation of teaching and outsourcing of university staff? In an emergency History Acts teach-out, historians of trade unionism discuss strategies and tactics with union officials and activists.

Wednesday 7th March, 6pm to 8pm
MayDay Rooms, 88 Fleet Street, London EC4Y 1DH


Free entry. No need to book in advance.
For information contact Steffan Blayney sblayn01@mail.bbk.ac.uk or Guy Beckett gbecke01@mail.bbk.ac.uk.

History Acts workshops are led by activists, who give a short talk or presentation about their work. Historians working on a relevant topic will then respond, before opening it up to group discussion.

See also: https://www.lrb.co.uk/blog/2018/02/16 "Why we strike"  








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LSHG Workshop - Treason: Internationalist renegades and traitors

London Socialist Historians’ Group Workshop on Internationalist Renegades and Traitors

Saturday 19th May, 12 – 5pm
Wolfson Room, Institute of Historical Research
Senate House, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HU.  
Entry is free without ticket although there will be a collection to cover expenses.
"The Levellers who refused to support Cromwell’s war in Ireland, the Polish troops who rebelled against Napoleon and sided with the Haitian Revolution, the Irish-American “St Patrick’s Battalion” who rejected American imperialism to fight with the Mexicans, the British people who joined the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the Confederate deserters who opposed slavery, the German anti-Nazis who deserted and joined the Red Army or fought with the French Resistance and the French anti-colonialists who sided with the independence fighters in Algeria and Vietnam. There have been some rare but truly inspiring and heroic examples of internationalism throughout modern history, when those being drafted into fighting for unjust wars rebelled to side and fight against imperialist oppression. This workshop will try to recover the lives and often hidden histories of these true ‘citizens of the world’, as well as considering moments in history where the potential for anti-imperialist internationalism did not materialise."
Speakers:
  • John Newsinger
  • Merilyn Moos
  • Ian Birchall
  • Jonathan North
  • Steve Cushion
For more details please contact Keith Flett at keith1917@btinternet.com 
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Annual Wreath Laying Ceremony to commemorate Thomas Helliker

The annual Wreath Laying ceremony organised by White Horse (Wiltshire) Trades Union Council to commemorate Thomas Helliker will take place on Thursday 22 March at 12.30 at Thomas Helliker's Tomb in St James Churchyard, Trowbridge. 

The Trowbridge Martyr, Thomas Helliker, was hanged on his 19th birthday on 22 March 1803.  He was a young apprentice working in the woollen industry and when Littleton Mill was burned down in protest at the introduction of machinery he was apprehended on false accusation. Widely believed to be innocent, although he probably knew those who had set the fire, he steadfastly refused to name them.

Please extend this invitation to anyone else you think may be interested. 

Later this year:
Please note that the bi-annual Helliker Lecture will be held at The Cause, Chippenham on Saturday 27 October between 10.30am  and 4.00pm.  The theme this year is The Impact of New Technology which will link in very well with Helliker and the impact of mechanisation in the mills.  It will also include the digital world and impact on social media and journalism.
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230 Bishopsgate
London, Eng EC2M 4QH

SYLVIA PANKHURST AND THE SUFFRAGE MOVEMENT IN EAST LONDON with Katherine Connelly.
Katherine Connelly uncovers the inspiring stories of Sylvia Pankhurst and the East London Federation of the Women’s Social and Political Union. Wednesday 7 February | 19.00 – 20.00    £7 / £5 concession - Booking here 
  
FIrst published 1932. Subtitled "A Mirror to Life in England during the First World War" [1914-16].
Cresset edition 1987, Cover picture, not one of Sylvia's: The Food Queue 1918, by Joseph Southall.

And the real thing: "An East End Food Queue" from The Home Front.
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Wakefield Socialist History Group

SOCIALISM AND THE USA: MARXISM AND CLASS STRUGGLE IN AMERICA
at the Red Shed (Wakefield Labour Club) 
on Saturday 24 March 1-4pm.

The speakers are:
  • Thomas Wright on "The Industrial Workers of the World" (Wobblies!)
  • Rob Turnbull on "Daniel de Leon"
  • Adrian Crudenon "Eugene Debs"
  • Alan Stewart on "The History of the US Socialist Workers Party."
Admission is free.  All are welcome.  
There is a free light buffet. And there is a bar with excellent real ale.


HOW IT WENT (From Convenor, Wakefield Socialist History Group):
Twenty eight people attended a meeting at the Wakefield Labour Club (Red Shed) last Saturday (24 march) on the topic, "SOCIALISM AND CLASS STRUGGLE IN AMERICA."
Thomas Wright spoke first about the International Workers of the World (the "Wobblies") and their attempt to build "one grand union" embracing all workers.  He noted that the Wobblies were "uneasy  about state socialism" and sceptical about "wage bargaining and the closed shop."  They were for keeping subscriptions low and against automatic deductions.
He highlighted also the persecution they faced after being condemned as "seditious and unAmerican."  Many Wobblies were imprisoned under the Espionage Act and of course Joe Hill was executed after being convicted on a trumped up murder charge.
Adrian Cruden then spoke about Eugene Debs who did groundbreaking work in the American Railway Union (ARU), who was imprisoned during the Great Pullman Strike of 1894 and who was the famous presidential standard bearer of the pre- World War One Socialist Party.
Adrian reflected however that Debs, opposed to the first World War, was released from jail in 1921 a "broken man" and "never recovered his health."
Rob Turnbull (biographer of Noah Ablett) discussed the life of Daniel de Leon.  He drew parallels between him and Noah Ablett.  He said both were "systemic disruptors" and that both left a "contentious legacy."
Rob concluded that Daniel de Leon -who established "The People", the first socialist periodical in the western hemisphere- had many faults but was in many ways "unsurpassed as a theorist and propagandist."
Finally I gave a short talk on James Cannon and the history of the US Socialist Workers' Party.  Cannon and others formed the SWP at the end of 1937 and it was perhaps the largest, strongest national section when the Fourth International was set up soon after.
In the 1960's it was to the fore in street mobilisations opposing the Vietnam War.  But in the 70's there was a "Cuban turn" which saw it reject the Theory of Permanent Revolution and embrace Castroism instead.  Waves of expulsions have left it a rump and a shadow of its former self.
The questions and discussion which then followed covered matters such as state infiltration of left groups, the effectiveness of "turns to industry", mob influence in trade unions and the lasting impact -if any- of Bernie Sanders bid for the Democratic nomination (the Democratic Socialists of America have grown markedly!).

The Group's next event, "Robert Tressell and the Ragged Trousered Philanthropists" is on Saturday 19 May 1pm again at the Red Shed.
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Free exhibition at London Metropolitan Archives

Criminal Lives, 1780-1925: Punishing Old Bailey Convicts

Between 1700 and 1900, the state stopped punishing the bodies of London’s convicts and increasingly sought to reform their minds. From hanging, branding and whipping the response to crime shifted to transportation and imprisonment. By the nineteenth century, judges could choose between two contrasting forms of punishments: exile and forced labour in Australia, or incarceration in strictly controlled ‘reformatory’ prisons at home. Which was more effective?
This exhibition traces the impact of these punishments on individual lives, following the men, women and children convicted in London from the crime scenes and trials through their experiences of punishment, and on to their subsequent lives.
This free exhibition at London Metropolitan Archives is produced in partnership with the AHRC Digital Panopticon Project.
This free exhibition [opened] on 11 December 2017 and continues until 16 May 2018. Free during normal LMA opening times - check our visitor information pages to find out more.
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DEBATE: Did militancy help or hinder the fight for the franchise?
Tue 20 February, £10 18:00-19:30, Kew

"By 1912, militancy associated with the Suffragette movement hit its peak, with regular arson attacks and targeting of MPs’ houses. But did these tactics help or hinder the cause?"
"Join us for this lively evening debate with Dr. Fern Riddell,Elizabeth Crawford andProfessor Krista Cowman."
FAMILY EVENT: The Time Travel Club - Badges, buttons and 'behaving badly'
Thu 15 February, £7.50 10:30-12:00, Kew
"Uncover the fascinating stories of women who were prepared to risk everything to win the vote. Become a creative campaigner by making your very own suffrage badges inspired by our records."

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Tragedy on the Home Front

Coal miners played a crucial role in supporting the war effort, but unfortunately for many this job led to illness, injury or even death. On 12 January 1918 an explosion in Podmore Hall Colliery in Staffordshire, known as the Minnie Pit, killed more than 150 people. A relative of two of the men who lost their lives has paid tribute to this tragic accident in the Lives of the First World War blog.
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New additions to the Sparrows' Nest Digital Library 

Please see below [a selection from] a list of new additions to the Digitial Library. This time it is a rather eclectic mix of documents, also including a bunch of comics which we digitised for a researcher last November. If you ever want us to digitise some specific document, please let us know.
Please note some of these files are rather large (50MB+), so if you think your browser has crashed, give it a few moments, it may just be loading the document. If any of the links are not working or lead to the wrong document, please let us know. All documents come in good enough resolution to blow them up to A3(ish) prints and feature OCR, though that does not always work well with some of the fonts used and OCR is usually pretty bad in picking up the more arty bits of writing.

The full catalogue information for these titles will be online with the next proper catalogue update (some time in February?). What you see below are just titles and some information on publishers/authors (etc.) to give you an idea what you will be clicking on.
Current opening hours [for visiting in person - Nottingham] are still every Thursday 11am-2pm or contact us to make alternative arrangements.
RaHN Blogger's Selection (links not tested): 
Wrigley, Chris: The General Strike 1926 in Local History; Loughborough University (1982) http://www.thesparrowsnest.org.uk/collections/public_archive/1331.pdf
 We are Winning - The Battle of Seattle: A Personal Account; Wildfire Collective (2000) http://www.thesparrowsnest.org.uk/collections/public_archive/646.pdf
Nous ne sommes rien, soyons tout! Collectif 1984 http://www.thesparrowsnest.org.uk/collections/public_archive/3481.pdf
Poll Tax Riot - Ten Hours that Shook Trafalgar Square; ACAB Press http://www.thesparrowsnest.org.uk/collections/public_archive/7164.pdf
 Schulkind, Eugene: The Paris Commune of 1871; Historical Association (1971) http://www.thesparrowsnest.org.uk/collections/public_archive/1809.pdf
Goldman, Emma: The Place of the Individual in Society; Free Society Forum (1941http://www.thesparrowsnest.org.uk/collections/public_archive/1997.pdf
Garcia, Victor: Three Japanese Anarchists: Kotoku, Osugi and Yamaga; KSL (2000) http://www.thesparrowsnest.org.uk/collections/public_archive/298.pdf
Facts on the Spanish Resistance #01; Centro Iberico http://www.thesparrowsnest.org.uk/collections/public_archive/7762.pdf
Curtis, Liz: They Shoot Children - The use of rubber and plastic bullets in the North of Ireland; Information on Ireland (1982) http://www.thesparrowsnest.org.uk/collections/public_archive/222.pdf
Beating Fascism - Anarchist Anti-Fascism in Theory and [Practice] AFA http://www.thesparrowsnest.org.uk/collections/public_archive/7752.pdf
 Berneri, Camillo: Peter Kropotkin - His Federalist Ideas; Freedom (1943http://www.thesparrowsnest.org.uk/collections/public_archive/2060.pdf
Bakunin, Michael: The Paris Commune and the Idea of the State; CIRA (1971) http://www.thesparrowsnest.org.uk/collections/public_archive/7287.pdf
As we see it now; Workers’ Council Socialism (2008) http://www.thesparrowsnest.org.uk/collections/public_archive/7760.pdf
Anarchism - as we see it; ACF/AF Anarchist Communist Federation/Anarchist Federation http://www.thesparrowsnest.org.uk/collections/public_archive/6187.pdf
 Anarchism in the May Movement in France; IWW http://www.thesparrowsnest.org.uk/collections/public_archive/7763.pdf
Anarchy Comics - International Anarchy! (1978) http://www.thesparrowsnest.org.uk/collections/public_archive/1548.pdf 
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60 years of CND at Aldermaston
2018 is the 60th anniversary of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. Founded in 1958 at the height of the Cold War, CND has been a powerful collective voice against nuclear weapons. Our founding meeting took place on the 17th February 1958 at the Central Hall, Westminster.

It's also the 60th anniversary of the first Aldermaston march, the path breaking protest which did so much to change British political culture. Join us at Aldermaston on Easter Sunday - 1st April 2018 - for speeches, music and an interfaith vigil.

Slightly tarnished?
Aldermaston, where Britain's nuclear bombs are made, has been the target of anti-nuclear campaigners in every decade since the founding of CND and continues to be central to all our work.

This is a major stop on the CND Now More than Ever tour, which will see a giant 3D CND symbol visit more than twenty dramatic locations across Britain, including the White Cliffs of Dover, the Angel of the North in Gateshead, and the Clifton Suspension Bridge in Bristol.

CND at AWE Aldermaston
Easter Sunday • 1st April 2018
Berkshire • 12 noon - 2pm
UPDATE:
Join us to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the first Aldermaston march. This was a march that changed the face of politics and protest, putting CND at the cutting edge of radical social change, mobilising and inspiring generations in the struggle for nuclear disarmament.

It’s time to celebrate our history and look to our future: there are big challenges ahead – Trumpism for example, but also big opportunities – like the global ban.
For speeches, music, memories, fence decorating and forward planning. The event will conclude with an inter-faith vigil.

On the march, 1963

60 Faces of CND exhibition
To mark 60 years ... a new online exhibition
"CND’s greatest strength has always been its members. Incredible people have shaped our history, our present and will continue to inspire in the future. 60 Faces of CND tells the stories of 60 people who represent all the millions of people who have campaigned for nuclear disarmament over the decades and have made our organisation so remarkable."
Also from CND:
Remember FukushimaSeven years on since the Fukushima disaster, the Japanese government remains unable to contain one of the most worst nuclear accidents in the history of nuclear power. Thousands of people are still unable to return to their homes because of radioactive leaks.
Here in Britain, anti-nuclear campaigners will bear witness to the ongoing disastrous effects of the Fukushima disaster and demand that our government abandons plans for a new generation of nuclear power stations.
All are welcome to attend to stand with CND and the remarkable activists from
RememberFukushima.org
  • Remember Fukushima vigil • Friday 9th March 2018  17:30-19:30
    Outside Japanese Embassy
    101 Piccadilly, London
    A one-minute's silence in remembrance of the victims of the continuing Fukushima disaster, plus all victims of nuclear power generation, will be followed by speeches, songs and poems.
  • Remember Fukushima march • Sunday 11th March 2018  12 noon
    Assemble outside Japanese Embassy
    101 Piccadilly, London
    Followed by a rally at 2pm Old Palace Yard opposite Parliament
  • Remember Fukushima public meeting • Wednesday 14th March • 7pm
    Portcullis House
    Westminster, London
    Speakers include: Catherine West MP, Dr Ian Fairlie, Independent Consultant on Radiation in the Environment; Professor Stephen Thomas, Professor at the University of Greenwich Business School; Professor Andrew Stirling, Professor of science and technology policy, Sussex University; Amelia Womack, Deputy Leader of the Green Party; Dr Rika Hirose Haga, School of Geography and Geosciences at the University of St Andrews and Dr Kate Hudson, CND General Secretary.
Details here.
No Nuclear Power petition
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French Week Against Racism and Colonialism
Various locations and events, spanning more than a week

Jusqu’au 30 mars 2018. Divers lieux (France)

Comme chaque annĂ©e au mois de mars, la Semaine anticoloniale et  antiraciste propose une sĂ©rie d’Ă©vĂ©nements en France autour de ces  enjeux.
Point d’orgue de la manifestation, le Salon anticolonial, qui  se tient Ă  la Bellevilloise Ă  Paris les 10 et 11 mars 2018.
Au  programme :
expositions et confĂ©rences en rĂ©sonance avec l’actualitĂ©,  telle « L’affaire Weinstein : le corps des femmes racisĂ©es dans les  sociĂ©tĂ©s occidentales ».
Ă€ ne pas manquer, la projection du film Les  balles du 14 juillet, en prĂ©sence du rĂ©alisateur Daniel Kupferstein.


UPDATE - Du 17 au 25 mars 2018  Palais de la Porte DorĂ©e (Paris)
Le Grand Festival contre le racisme et l’antisĂ©mitisme rassemble chaque annĂ©e Ă  Paris un grand nombre d’artistes, d’humoristes et de youtubeurs autour de performances artistiques (théâtre, danse, chant, cinĂ©ma…). Parmi les temps forts de cette troisième Ă©dition : le projetInside out de l’artiste JR, une battle de danse open style et une soirĂ©e spĂ©ciale youtubeurs « Lutter contre le racisme Ă  l’heure des nouveaux mĂ©dias ». La journĂ©e du samedi 24 mars 2018 sera marquĂ©e par la parade musicale de 30 nuances de Noir(es), collectif de musicien.ne.s, danseurs et danseuses afro fĂ©ministes.


========================
Advance Notice:
Second Bristol Radical History Festival 
Sunday 6th May
The all-day  event (10.30am-4.30pm) will include history walks, talks, performance, bookstalls and displays and is taking place on several floors and galleries in the M Shed Museum.
This year’s festival follows the successful event run at the M Shed in September 2017 and has two themes. We are working closely with the Bread, Print and Roses Collective to mark the 50th anniversary of May 1968, a month that saw worldwide demonstrations against capitalism, authoritarianism and war. We look at the legacy of May ’68 in Bristol, scene of significant student occupations, and beyond. The Remembering the Real WWI Group will also be putting on a programme of events to reflect on the impact and aftermath of the First World War, as we approach the centenary of the 1918 armistice. 
The aim of the RHF to bring radical hidden histories and histories from below into the public domain through various media and to link these to contemporary movements and struggles.
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FURTHER LISTINGS UPDATES TO FOLLOW AS THEY COME IN

Monday, January 15, 2018

New Anarchist Research Group Programme: January-March 2018

As usual, all meetings will be held in the MayDayRooms, 88 Fleet Street, London EC4Y 1DH
Please note there is a small charge to cover the cost of room hire.  

"Our meetings are friendly and informal, and we would like to hear from you if you would like to make a presentation at one of our future meetings." 

 Saturday 27th January 2018  2:00pm - 4:30pm
Would anarchism be good for our health? A look at libertarian theory and practice in relation to medical services.
Liz Willis

Starting from some of the work in the RaHN (Radical History Network) booklet “The NHS is 60” (2008), the talk will look briefly at the history of medicine, challenging the narrative of (male-dominated) progress and bringing out critiques of the medical establishment. It will look at alternative theories about how health services and medical care might be provided in a different kind of society and at a few attempts to implement some of these ideas, whether as political policy (other ways the NHS might have gone), small-scale experiment (the Peckham Centre) or on a wider scale in social revolution (Spain 1936). Discussion might focus on how practical these various sorts of initiative might be now; whether technological change has made medicine more or less accessible and its practice more or less authoritarian (is “patient power” achievable/desirable?); and how libertarians might contribute to debates about providing better health for all as well as taking defensive action to prevent things getting worse. 

Liz Willis has a political background in YCND (Aberdeen), anarchism, and Solidarity (London). A main focus since 2006 has been the Radical History Network based in North East London and its blog (http://radicalhistorynetwork.blogspot.com). Her pamphlet ‘Women in the Spanish Revolution’ was published by the Solidarity group in 1975 and has been reprinted in various editions. She has self-published a few other small pamphlets, e.g. ‘Mary Wollstonecraft and the Doctors’ (2017).
Also available (most of it) online in two parts at smothpubs.blogspot.com
Previously on this blog: 
Can Medicine be Libertarian?
Writing about medicine and health care in the Spanish Civil War 
And elsewhere, related: 
NOT INSIDE FOR THEIR HEALTH: Some medical considerations relating to London prisons,  c.1750-1850 (20-page online pamphlet) ; Book reviewThe Health of Prisoners: Historical Essays.
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Saturday 24th February 2018 2:00pm - 4:30pm
Anarchist Cartography participatory session
Rhiannon Firth

Critical cartography starts from the idea that maps – like other texts such as the written word, images or film – are not (and cannot be) value-free or neutral. Maps reflect and perpetuate relations of power, often in the interests of dominant groups. Critical cartography builds on this critique to advocate possibilities for alternative mapping practices. A lot of the existing literature focuses on theory and practices that aim to provide tools for communities to make rights and resource-claims from powerful entities. These approaches have been criticised because they often rely on making a single representation of very diverse communities, thus perpetuating existing exclusions and hierarchies. They tend to mimic existing mapping practices and spatial representations, and they frequently operate to legitimate the agencies they are making claims from. Dominant mapping conventions are often internalised so it is difficult not to fall into the trap of attempting to use the Master's tools to dismantle his house. There is a need for further work and discussion around the potential for using maps and map-making as part of self-organised resistance. The purpose of this session is to think through the conditions for an anarchist cartography. The session will involve an introduction to critical cartography literatures, a discussion of existing activist initiatives, and a facilitated map-making session.
  
Rhiannon Firth is Research Fellow at the University of East London, where she conducts research and teaching at the intersection of Political Theory and Education Studies. She supervises PhD students and lectures undergraduate students on radical social movements, community organising and global politics. She received her PhD, funded by the ESRC, from the Department of Politics and International Relations at the University of Nottingham. Her thesis involved ethnographic work with intentional communities throughout the UK. She has since published articles on topics including urban utopianism, critical pedagogy and methodology, utopian theories of time and temporality, critical cartography, pedagogies of the body and feminist consciousness-raising. She is currently writing about anarchist approaches to organising around natural disasters.
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Saturday 24th March 2018  2:00pm - 4:30pm
Louise Michel in London (1890s-1905): a Political Reassessment
Constance Bantman 


This talk will propose a political reassessment of the long period of time spent in London by the French Communard-turned-anarchist Louise Michel (1890–1905). It emphasises the breadth of her militant activities as well as her very concrete engagement in specific political projects, and highlights the coherence of her political outlook and activities. This perspective challenges predominantly masculinist portrayals of Michel, which focus heavily on sentiment as an explanation for her political activism, and downplay her overall agency as a militant. It also highlights the limitations of methodological nationalism in analysing Michel’s activities in exile. Four key aspects will be examined: Michel’s print and open-air propaganda; her network-building activities; her contribution to libertarian pedagogies through the ‘International socialist school’ which she set up in Fitzrovia in the early 1890s; and her campaigning activities for the defence of the right of asylum and support for political refugees, at a time when liberal understandings of asylum were being questioned.
  Constance Bantman is a senior lecturer at the University of Surrey. Her main research interest is the history and methodology of anarchist transnationalism, with specific reference to the French movement before 1914. She has written a book on French anarchist exiles in London before 1914 (https://liverpooluniversitypress.co.uk/products/60219; free access at  https://www.surrey.ac.uk/englis writer and editor Jean Grave (initial findings here: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-review-of-social-history). 
"An English tribute to the French Commune
dedicated to the workers of both countries."
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For some more early 2018 listings, see earlier post.

Friday, January 12, 2018

New publications from Past Tense

Past Tense have published six new pamphlets as below, five for sale and one FREE.
“They came out in October, but we've been so busy with one thing and another that we
haven't had much time to publicise them as yet.”

• BLACK WOMEN ORGANISING
The Brixton Black Women’s Group and the Organisation for Women of African and Asian Descent
£3.00 + £1.50 P&P
ISBN: 978-0-9932762-7-9

The Brixton Black Women’s Group, founded in 1973, emerged among women who had been active in the Black Power movement in London in the late 1960s and early 1970s. This pamphlet reprints two articles originally published in feminist journals in the 1980s - an interview with three Brixton Black Women’s Group activists about the development of the group, and an appraisal of the national Organisation for Women of African and Asian Descent.
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• RENT STRIKE: ST. PANCRAS 1960 Dave Burn
£3.00 + £1.50 P&P
ISBN: 978-0-9932762-5-5

In 1960 over 2000 council tenants in the then London borough of St Pancras went on partial rent strike, against a new rent scheme introduced by the Conservative council. This pamphlet recounts the causes and the history of the rent strike, examining the reasons the rent scheme was brought in, and the history of the tenants’ movement. A comprehensive but also compelling story of a community struggle, as well as a thoughtful analysis of its motives and possibilities.
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“MENACING LANGUAGE AND THREATS” The Anti Corn Law Riots of 1815
£1.50 + £1 P&P
ISBN: 978-0-9932762-4-8


At the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815, corn prices fell to nearly half their war level, causing panic among British farmers - many of whom were also voters. In response the government introduced the Corn Laws in 1815; banning cheap wheat imports, to ensure the high incomes of farmers and landowners.
This was class legislation at its most blatant. It made sure aristocrats could continue to benefit from high bread prices, and the high rents that they supported; knowing well enough this law meant penury for the poor, who relied on bread to stave off starvation.
Riots broke out in the area around Parliament as the Acts were being debated, and spread out around London and Westminster as the London houses of the MPs and lords held most responsible were targeted by crowds...

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• I HAVENT HAD SO MUCH FUN SINCE MY LEG FELL OFF The North London Civil Servants Strike, 1987/88 Jean Richards
£2.00 + £1 P&P
ISBN: 978-0-9932762-2-4

An account of a strike by low-paid civil servants across North London Department of Employment offices in 1988, also involving Job Centre and Department of Health & Social Security staff who came out in solidarity when they were asked to do the strikers’ work.

By a woman civil servant who worked for 10 years in one of the offices in dispute.

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THE ESTABLISHMENT VERSUS THE ROTUNDA!
£2.00 + £1 P&P
ISBN: 978-0-9932762-3-1

In the early 1830s a building on Blackfriars Road became the most notorious radical political meeting places of its era. For a few short years, the Rotunda was the heart of radical London. The Rotunda entered its golden age in 1830, when it was taken over by freethinker Richard Carlile, and was transformed into a centre of political and scientific education and theatrical anti-religious performances... It became home to diverse radical groups and speakers, including the National Union of the Working Classes, Robert Taylor (known as the “Devil’s Chaplain’), and female atheist lecturer Eliza Sharples, the ‘Pythoness of the Temple’.

The Rotunda was feared and hated by the political establishment, who saw it as influencing all radical and rebellious opinion. The reactionary Duke Of Wellington considered the battle for the future of society as one of “The Establishment Vs The Rotunda.”

[See also https://pasttenseblog.wordpress.com/2018/01/10/today-in-london-radical-history-richard-carlile-jailed-for-supporting-swing-rioters-1831/]

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• WE REMEMBER WAT TYLER A6 pamphlet
£1.00 + £1 P&P

The 1381 Peasants’ Revolt remains one of the most cataclysmic and inspiring events in British history. At its heart stands a figure of whom so littl4 is known… Wat Tyler. A man who appears for
two weeks, is elected leader of a peasant rebellion, articulates a demand for the abolition of classes, and is killed… Who was Wat Tyler?

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• TROUBLE DOWN SOUTH
Free (£1 P&P)

Some thoughts on gentrification & resistance to gentrification in Brixton, with historical digressions, experiences, and some ranting...

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And don't forget - the 2018 LONDON REBEL HISTORY CALENDAR is still available, it's not too late to order your coy for the year...
Only £6 plus £3 P&P

All of the above are available from Past Tense, either via our publicationspage
where you can pay by card or paypal

Or ooooold style by post from:
Past Tense, c/o 56a Infoshop, 56 Crampton Street, London, SE17 3AE

These publications will also soon be available from radical bookshops in London, and some good local independent bookshops and the odd caff too!
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Thursday, January 11, 2018

Lessons of the Lawrence textile strike of 1912

[From IRSP via an email from Wakefield Socialist History Group] 

January 12th marks the anniversary of the historic textile strike in Lawrence, Massachusetts in 1912.
The Battle of Lawrence, 1912:
Textile workers’ victory contains lessons for today
BY CHRIS MAHIN
“We want bread – and roses!”
“Bayonets cannot weave cloth!”
“Better to starve fighting than to starve working!”
More than a century ago, thousands of men, women, and children shouted those slogans – in many different languages – in the bitter cold of a Massachusetts winter.


On January 12, 1912, thousands of workers walked out of the textile mills of Lawrence, Massachusetts and began a strike which lasted until March 24, 1912. At its height, the strike involved 23,000 workers.
Located in the Merrimack River Valley, about 30 miles north of Boston, Lawrence was a city of 86,000 people in 1912, and a great textile center. It outranked all other cities in the production of woolen and worsted goods. The woolen and cotton mills of the city employed over 40,000 workers – about one-half of Lawrence’s population over the age of 14.
Most of the Lawrence textile workers were unskilled. Within a one-mile radius of the mill district, there lived 25 different nationalities, speaking 50 languages. By 1912, Italians, Poles, Russians, Syrians, and Lithuanians had replaced native-born Americans and western Europeans as the predominant groups in the mills. The largest single ethnic group in the city was Italian.
At the time of the strike, 44.6 percent of the textile workers in Lawrence were women. More than 10 percent of the mill workers were under the age of 18.
Despite a heavy tariff protecting the woolen industry, the wages and living standards of textile workers had declined steadily since 1905. The introduction of a two-loom system in the woolen industry and a corresponding speed-up in the cotton industry led to lay-offs, unemployment, and wage reductions. A federal government report showed that for a week in late November 1911, some 22,000 textile employees, including foremen, supervisors, and office workers, averaged about $8.76 for a full week’s work. This wage was totally inadequate, despite the fact that the average work week was 56 hours, and 21.6 percent of the workers worked more hours than that.
To make things worse, the cost of living was higher in Lawrence than in the rest of New England. The city was also one of the most congested in the United States, with many workers crowded into foul tenements.
The daily diet of most of the mill workers consisted of bread, molasses, and beans. Serving meat with a meal was very rare, often reserved for holidays. The inevitable result of all this was an unhealthy work force. Dr. Elizabeth Shapleigh, a Lawrence physician, wrote: “A considerable number of the boys and girls die within the first two or three years after beginning work. … [T]hirty-six out of every 100 of all the men and women who work in the mill die before or by the time they are 25.”
The immediate cause of the strike was a cut in pay for all workers which took place after a new state law went into effect on January 1, 1912. The law reduced the number of hours that women and children could work from 56 to 54. The mill owners simply sped up the machines to guarantee they would get the same amount of production as before, and then cut the workers’ hours and wages.
On Thursday, January 11, 1912, some 1,750 weavers left their looms in the Everett Cotton Mill when they learned that they had received less money. They were joined by 100 spinners from the Arlington Mills. When the Italian workers of the Washington Mill left their jobs on the morning of Friday, January 12, the Battle of Lawrence was in full swing. By Saturday night, January 13, some 20,000 textile workers had left their machines. By Monday night, January 15, Lawrence had been transformed into an armed camp, with the police and militia guarding the mills through the night.
The Lawrence strike began as a spontaneous outburst, but the strikers quickly realized that they needed to organize themselves. At a mass meeting held on the afternoon of the strike’s first day, they voted to send a telegram to Joe Ettor, a leader of the Industrial Workers of the World, asking him to come to Lawrence to aid the strike. Ettor arrived in Lawrence the very next day, accompanied by his friend Arturo Giovannitti, the editor of “Il Proletario” and secretary of the Italian Socialist Federation.
Although only 27 years old, Joseph J. (“Smiling Joe”) Ettor was an experienced, militant leader of the IWW. He had worked with Western miners and migrant workers, and with the immigrant workers of the Eastern steel mills and shoe factories. Ettor could speak English, Italian, and Polish fluently, and could understand Hungarian and Yiddish.
Under Ettor’s leadership, the strikers set up a highly structured but democratic form of organization in which every nationality of worker involved in the strike was represented. This structure played a decisive role in guaranteeing the strike’s outcome. A general strike committee was organized and a network of soup kitchens and food distribution stations were set up. The strikers voted to demand a 15 percent increase in wages, a 54-hour week, double time for overtime, and the abolition of the premium and bonus systems.
Despite the fact that the city and state authorities imposed a virtual state of martial law on Lawrence, the strikers remained undaunted. They pioneered innovative tactics, such as moving picket lines (in which thousands of workers marched through the mill district in an endless chain with signs or armbands reading “Don’t be a scab!”); mass marches on sidewalks; and sending thousands of people to browse in stores without buying anything. They organized numerous parades to keep their own spirits up and keep their cause in the public eye.
The agents of the mill owners struck back. When the police and militia tried to halt a parade of about 1,000 strikers on January 29, a bystander, Annie LoPezzo, was shot dead. Despite the fact that neither Ettor nor Giovannitti had been present at the demonstration, they were both arrested the next day. They were charged with being accessories before the fact to the murder because they had supposedly incited the “riot” which led to the shooting. That same day, an 18-year-old Syrian striker, John Ramy, was killed by a bayonet thrust into his back as he attempted to flee from advancing soldiers.
In early February, the strikers began sending their children out of the city to live temporarily with strike supporters. The city authorities vowed to stop this practice, and on February 24, a group of mothers and their children were clubbed and beaten at the train station by cops. This act horrified the country, and swung the general public over to the side of the strikers.
Concerned that the growing outrage over the conditions in Lawrence might lead to public support for lowering the woolen tariff, the mill owners began to look for a way to end the strike. First the largest employer, the American Woolen Company, came to an agreement. Then the others followed. The workers won most of their demands. By March 24, the strike was officially declared over and the general strike committee disbanded. It was a tremendous victory – but not the end of the battle.
On September 30, 1912, the murder trial of Ettor and Giovannitti began. It lasted 58 days. The defendants were kept in metal cages in the courtroom while the trial was in session. The prosecution accused Ettor and Giovannitti of inciting the strikers to violence and murder. Witnesses proved that the two were speaking to a meeting of workers several miles from the place where Annie LoPezzo was shot. Across the United States and the world, concerned people expressed outrage at the prosecution’s attempt to punish two leaders for their ideas.
Before the end of the trial, Ettor and Giovannitti asked for permission to address the court. Ettor challenged the jurors, declaring that if they were going to sentence Giovannitti and himself to death, the verdict should find them guilty of their real offense – their beliefs.
He said:
“What are my social views? I may be wrong but I contend that all the wealth in this country is the product of labor and that it belongs to labor. My views are the same as Giovannitti’s. We will give all that there is in us that the workers may organize and in due time emancipate themselves, that the mills and workshops may become their property and for their benefit. If we are set at liberty these shall be our views. If you believe that we should not go out, and that view will place the responsibility full upon us, I ask you one favor, that Ettor and Giovannitti because of their ideas became murderers, and that in your verdict you will say plainly, we shall die for it. … I neither offer apology nor ask for a favor. I ask for justice.”
Giovannitti made an impassioned speech to the jury, the first time he had ever spoken publicly in English. His eloquence drew tears from the most jaded reporters present.
On November 25, the jury found the defendants not guilty. Pandemonium broke loose in the courtroom.
There is something especially poignant about the Battle of Lawrence – and something especially important about learning its lessons. The Lawrence textile strike took place at a time when the mill owners lacked maneuvering room because they had to maintain public support for a high tariff on woolens. That was certainly a factor in the workers’ victory. So was the fact that the textile workers comprised such a large percentage of the population of Lawrence. But those factors do not change the reality that the victory at Lawrence was won by the bravery and intelligence of the workers themselves.
The victory at Lawrence disproved the vicious lie being circulated at the time by the leaders of the American Federation of Labor that immigrant workers could not be organized. It showed that immigrant workers and women workers would not only support strikes – if given the chance, they would gladly lead them, and lead them well. The strikers in Lawrence won their demands because they never let themselves be divided on ethnic or gender lines, because they were militant (and creative) in their tactics, and because they found a way to appeal to the conscience of the general public.
One other feature of the Battle of Lawrence made it especially significant. It’s summed up in the famous slogan of the strike – “We want bread – and roses!” The textile workers who braved the Massachusetts winter in 1912 wanted more than a wage increase. They were inspired by a vision of a new society, one where the workers themselves ruled. In this society, every human being would have “bread” – a decent standard of living. They would also have “roses” – the chance to learn, to have access to art, music, and culture; a society which would allow the flowering of everyone’s talents, the full development of every human being.
On this anniversary of the Lawrence textile strike, we should take courage from the bravery of the strikers, learn from their clever tactics, and dare to think as far ahead as they did. The Lawrence strikers believed deeply in the idea expressed so well in one of the verses in the labor song “Solidarity Forever.” That verse confidently proclaims, “We can build a new world from the ashes of the old.” Despite all the misery we see in the present, a new world is possible. The cynics of today are as wrong to deny the possibility of qualitative change as the AFL leaders in 1912 were to deny the possibility of organizing immigrant workers. If all of us act with as much foresight and courage as did those who fought so well in Lawrence in 1912, the vision of those strikers can become reality, and we can win a world with both bread and roses for everyone.