Up Against the Law: Towards a Rounded View of Convicts’ Lives
"Digital Panopticon: An
experimental interface"
In the context of prison history, the
original Panopticon was a type of architecture designed to enable
constant surveillance of the prisoners by those in authority over them, a
significant part of the "great incarceration" story. The Digital Panopticon focuses on prisoners, using multiple sets of historical records
to uncover their largely hidden history, from trial onwards, "determining what impact crime and
punishment had on their lives." Emissaries from the project have been running workshops; if a notice appears in a library near you headed something like "Trace & Explore Convicts' Lives", it's well worth checking it out.
This is an endeavour clearly very relevant to
radical historians, and we have the chance not only to benefit from the
research that has already gone into it but to help take it further. (There are
stated "research themes" although users will no doubt develop their
own as they go along.) The website is free to search, and to register in case you
want to add links to someone's "life archive" if you find they turn
up in more than one dataset, or in the same one more than once. Beginning by
trying to follow the stories of the 90,000 people sentenced at The Old Bailey
between 1780 and 1875, the data available already exceed these limits.
Some Examples of links recently added, with radical connections:
Some Examples of links recently added, with radical connections:
1790s
JOHN FROST in Criminal Register, June & September 1793
"For uttering Seditions words at the Percy Coffee
house"
19th century
RICHARD CARLILE in 1831 and 1834, in Old Bailey Proceedings
"indicted for a libel" and "for a nuisance." [more on this to follow]
Newport
Rising: (a different) John Frost and Zephaniah Williams (previously noted)
20th century
The 1912 conspiracy trial is described in: E. Sylvia Pankhurst, The Suffragette Movement: An Intimate Account of Persons and Ideals. (1931). Virago pbk. 1977. Bk.III, Ch. II, pp.386-392.
The
different sets of records - searchable singly or in combination - are, more or less:
·
Founders & Survivors (male and
female): "a partnership between
historians, genealogists, demographers and population health researchers. It
seeks to record and study the founding population of 73,000 men women and
children who were transported to Tasmania. Many survived their convict
experience and went on to help build a new society."
Transportation Register:
The British Convict transportation registers 1787-1867, "database
compiled from the British Home Office (HO) records which are available on
microfilm at all Australian State Libraries. You can find details for over 123
000 of the estimated 160 000 convicts transported to Australia in the 18th and
19th centuries - names, term of years, transport ships and more."
Criminal Indent Convict records — State Records NSW Convict Indents list the convicts
transported to New South
Wales...
Coroners
Inquest Records of inquests carried out by
the coroner in England and Wales where a sudden, accidental,
suspicious or unnatural death occurred...
/·
Prison License [sic] (male and female): "Home Office and Prison Commission
Licences... began to be issued in 1853 when the 1853 Penal Servitude Act
officially substituted terms of transportation for terms of imprisonment.
Licences granted convicts undertaking penal servitude freedom before the
expiration of their sentence in a system closely modelled on the Australian
‘Ticket-of-Leave’. The licence system remained in place well into the twentieth
century."
Memorial on Millbank commemorating transportees |